Mechanisms of ovarian cancer metastasis: biochemical pathways.
2012
Source
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; E-Mails: jimipin999_lessismore@yahoo.co.jp (H.K.); kennaonatsuno@docomo.ne.jp (K.M.).
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Despite advances in chemotherapy, the five-year survival rate of advanced ovarian cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis remains around 30%. The most significant prognostic factor is stage, and most patients present at an advanced stage with peritoneal dissemination. There is often no clearly identifiable precursor lesion; therefore, the events leading to metastatic disease are poorly understood. This article reviews metastatic suppressor genes, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the tumor microenvironment as they relate to ovarian cancer metastasis. Additionally, novel chemotherapeutic agents targeting the metastasis-related biochemical pathways are discussed.
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